Implementation and Development of Digital Technology-Based Entrepreneurial Skills of Vocational Education Teacher Candidate Students
Abstract
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the implementation and development of digital technology-based entrepreneurial skills among prospective vocational education teacher students. Using a mixed method approach with a sequential exploratory design, the study involved 180 students from ten prospective teacher education study programs at the Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Data were collected through surveys, in-depth interviews, learning observations, and analysis of digital products developed by students. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of digital entrepreneurship learning can improve students' abilities in identifying business opportunities, using digital platforms for business development, and creating innovative technology-based solutions. The main determinants include individual factors such as self-efficacy and experience, institutional factors, especially technological infrastructure and lecturer competence, and environmental factors such as industry partnerships and stakeholder networks that contribute to the level of quality and innovation of entrepreneurial output. Based on the research findings, the Integrated Digital Entrepreneurship Learning (IDEL) Model has proven effective in developing student abilities. Challenges faced are the digital literacy gap, limited internet access, and lack of curriculum integration. The study recommends the development of an integrated learning model, improving lecturers' digital competence, and strengthening the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem in higher education.
Keywords: digital entrepreneurship, prospective teachers, vocational education, digital technology, learning innovation
Downloads
References
Ács, Z. J., Szerb, L., & Autio, E. (2019). Global Entrepreneurship Index 2019. January, 1–254.
Aydın, G., & Mutlu, O. (2023). Project-based learning and flipped classroom model supported project-based learning’s impact on academic success, retention, and individual innovation competence. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 10(4), 823–833.
Bates, A. W. (2015). Teaching in a digital age: Guidelines for designing teaching and learning (2nd ed.). British Columbia: BCcampus.
Chang, Y., & Chen, M. (2020). Creative entrepreneurs ’ creativity , opportunity recognition , and career success : Is resource availability a double-edged sword ? European Management Journal, xxxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.03.004
Cope, J. (2007). i s b. 479–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607080656
Davidsson, P., & Recker, J. (2017). Digital Technologies as External Enablers of New Venture Creation in the IT Hardware Sector. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717732779
Giones, F., & Brem, A. (2017). Digital technology entrepreneurship: A definition and research agenda. Technology Innovation Management Review, 7(5), 44–51.
Harisand, P., Maria, F., Hariroh, R., Zed, E. Z., & Bangsa, U. P. (2023). Media Sosial , Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Berdampak terhadap Minat Berusaha Dimensi oleh Inovasi Mahasiswa di Cikarang. 11(3), 784–802.
Hassan, A., Saleem, I., Anwar, I., & Hussain, S. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students : the role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033
Hou, W. (2024). Practical Exploration of Integrating Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education with Employment Guidance in Vocational Colleges. The Educational Review, USA, 8(5), 673–677. https://doi.org/10.26855/er.2024.05.004
Ilomäki, L., Kantosalo, A., & Lakkala, M. (2016). What is digital competence? Crossing the divide. E-Learning and Digital Media, 13(1-2), 12–29.
Imjai, N., Aujirapongpan, S., & Yaacob, Z. (2024). International Journal of Educational Research Open Impact of logical thinking skills and digital literacy on Thailand ’ s generation Z accounting students ’ internship effectiveness : Role of self-learning capability. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 6(November 2023), 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100329
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York University Press.
Kalsbeek, D. H., & Brodie, M. (2014). Competency-based education: A framework for measuring and assessing student learning outcomes. Jossey-Bass.
Keinänen, M., Ursin, J., & Nissinen, K. (2018). Studies in Educational Evaluation How to measure students ’ innovation competences in higher education : Evaluation of an assessment tool in authentic learning environments. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 58(May), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.05.007
Laar, E. Van, Haan, J. De, & Haan, D. (2017). Accepted Manuscript. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010
Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in the new media landscape. New Media & Society, 10(3), 383–404.
M. Francis, O., Ifeanyieze, F. O., Ikehi, M. E., Ojiako, C. C., Okadi, A. O., Nwankwo, C. U., & Ekenta, L. U. (2019). Vocational agriculture and entrepreneurship aspirations among university students in Nigeria. International Journal of Training Research, 17(3), 220–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2019.1690744
Mcdonald, R. M., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2019). Parallel Play : Startups , Nascent Markets , and Effective Business- model Design. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839219852349
Nambisan, S. (2017). Digital Entrepreneurship: Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 41(6), 1029–1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12254
Neumeyer, X., Santos, S. C., & Morris, M. H. (2020). Overcoming Barriers to Technology Adoption When Fostering Entrepreneurship Among the Poor : The Role of Technology and Digital Literacy. 1–14.
Olanrewaju, A. T., Hossain, M. A., Whiteside, N., & Mercieca, P. (2020). International Journal of Information Management Social media and entrepreneurship research : A literature review. International Journal of Information Management, 50(May 2019), 90–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.011
Park, J., & Kim, S. (2025). Entrepreneurial Competencies in the Era of Digital Transformation : A Systematic Literature Review. 1–27.
Park, J. S., Shim, M. S., & Park, H. Y. (2016). Technovation Managing innovation with standardization : An introduction to recent trends and new challenges. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2016.01.006
Rahmi, S. (2025). Bridging entrepreneurship education and digital transformation: A novel experiential learning model for entrepreneurial mindset development. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(5), 123–145.
Rodriguez, S., & Lieber, H. (2020). Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education , Entrepreneurial Mindset , and Career Readiness in Secondary Students. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825920919462
Secundo, G., Del Vecchio, P., Schiuma, G., & Passiante, G. (2017). Activating entrepreneurial learning processes for transforming university students’ idea into entrepreneurial practices. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 23(3), 465–485. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2015-0315
Shane, S. (2000). Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities. Organization Science, 11(4), 448–469. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students ? The effect of learning , inspiration and resources. 22, 566–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002
Steininger, D. M. (2018). Linking information systems and entrepreneurship : A review and agenda for IT ‐ associated and digital entrepreneurship research. June, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12206
Sulistyowati, R., Sutrisno, B., & Widodo, J. (2023). Project-based entrepreneurial learning (PBEL): A blended model for startup creations at higher education institutions. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 18.
Sultono, S., Barliana, M. S., Aryanti, T., & Suryadi, D. (2025). Bibliometric Analysis of Entrepreneurship Education in Scopus-Indexed Journals. Jurnal Ekonomi Pendidikan Dan Kewirausahaan, 13(1), 165–192. https://doi.org/10.26740/jepk.v13n1.p165-192
Tannady, H., & Nusantara, U. M. (2023). Role of Entrepreneurial Education and Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students in Higher Education. 11(2), 877–887.
Van Horne, C., Dutot, V., Castellano, S., Sosa, M., & Ahmad, L. (2021). Integrating Entrepreneurship into the Design Classroom: Case Studies from the Developing World. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 12(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-017-0499-4
Warschauer, M., & Matuchniak, T. (2010). New technology and digital worlds: Analyzing evidence of equity in access, use, and outcomes. Review of Research in Education. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X09349791
Wright, M. (2018). Digital affordances, spatial affordances, and the genesis of entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Zhang, H., & Chen, H. (2023). Sustainable entrepreneurship out of entrepreneurial opportunity identification : The mediating role of psychological capital.
Zhang, M., & Huang, W. (2023). Technological dividend sharing mechanism of internet platforms. Journal of Chinese Sociology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-023-00192-7
Copyright (c) 2025 Sultono Sultono

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal allows anyone to compose, correct, and do derivative works, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit for the original work. This license is the freest. It is recommended for maximum distribution and use of licensed material.
The submitted paper is assumed not to contain any proprietary materials that are not protected by patent rights or patent applications; The responsibility for technical content and protection of proprietary materials rests with the authors and their organizations and not the responsibility of journal or its editorial staff. The primary (first/appropriate) author is responsible for ensuring that the article has been viewed and approved by all other authors. The author's responsibility is to obtain all necessary copyright waivers to use any copyrighted material in the manuscript before submission.
Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains dan Teknologi allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions. Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains dan Teknologi CC-BY-SA or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work. Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains dan Teknologi allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions. Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains dan Teknologi CC-BY-SA or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work.
In developing strategy and setting priorities Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains dan Teknologi recognize that free access is better than priced access, libre access is better than free access, and libre under CC-BY-SA or the equivalent is better than libre under more restrictive open licenses. We should achieve what we can when we can. We should not delay achieving free in order to achieve libre, and we should not stop with free when we can achieve libre.
Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains dan Teknologi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share a copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt a remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.








